Bone Marrow Suppression and Chemotherapy

Chemotherapy has been an effective method of treating cancers for many years at Beaumont Hospitals, and it remains one of the most common cancer treatments. Chemotherapy is one of many cancer treatment options available at Beaumont.
Board-certified medical oncologists are trained and have years of experience with state-of-the-art chemotherapy programs for patients.

The side effects of chemotherapy depend on the type of chemotherapy and the amount given. Anticipating and managing side effects can help to minimize them and provide the best possible experience for the person receiving chemotherapy.

What is bone marrow suppression?

As each person's individual medical profile and diagnosis is different, so is his/her reaction to treatment. Side effects may be severe, mild, or absent. Be sure to discuss with your cancer care team any/all possible side effects of treatment before the treatment begins.

Nearly all chemotherapy agents suppress the bone marrow that, in turn, causes a reduction in the number of blood cells. The timing of this reduction varies according to which agents are used for your treatment. Red blood cells carry oxygen, white blood cells fight infection, and platelets help to control bleeding and bruising. Thus, the risks for anemia, fatigue, infection, bleeding, and bruising are increased with bone marrow suppression.

What are symptoms of bone marrow suppression?

The following are the most common symptoms of bone marrow suppression. However, each individual may experience symptoms differently.

Symptoms of a low red blood cell count may include:

fatigue
paleness of skin, lips, and nail beds
increased heart rate
easy tiring with exertion
dizziness
shortness of breath

Symptoms of a low white blood cell count may include:

fever and chills
rash
diarrhea
signs of infection (anywhere in the body), including:
- swelling
- redness
- an area that is warm to touch

Symptoms of a low platelet count may include:

easy bruising
bleeding: nose bleeds, gums, or mouth
tiny red spots on the skin
blood in the urine
dark or black bowel movements

The symptoms of bone marrow suppression may resemble other medical conditions or problems. Always consult your physician for a diagnosis.

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